Annals of Tropical Pathology

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2015| June | Volume 6 | Issue 1
Online since December 19, 2017

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ORIGINAL ARTICLES

Plasmid-mediated multiple antibiotic resistance among Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli in a tertiary hospital in Nigeria
O Iyoha, MY Tula
June 2015, 6(1):23-32

Introduction: About 34 and 31% respectively of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli from clinical samples were isolated and identified on the basis of morphology, growth and biochemical characteristics. Urinary samples had the highest occurrence of K. pneumoniae and E. coli with 50 and 64.2% incidence rate respectively. Results: Although there was no significant difference in their susceptibility to all the antibiotics (p>0.05), the results of their susceptibility profile showed that K. pneumoniae was more susceptible to augmentin (73.5%), followed by ofloxacin (64.7%) and Cefixime (61.8%). Moreover, E. coli showed highest susceptibility to nitrofuratoin (75%), followed by Cefixime (74.2%) and ceftriaxone (71). The results of their antibiotic resistance pattern revealed that both K. pneumoniae and E. coli showed multi-drug resistant (MDR) phenotype against the tested antibiotics. Both K. pneumoniae and E. coli showed highest resistance against cefuroxime (76.5 and 83.9% respectively) followed by gentamycin (67.7 and 77.4% respectively). However, both K. pneumoniae and E. coli exhibit similar resistant pattern to all the class of antibiotics under investigation (p>0.05). The MAR indexes for the antibiotics used against both K. pneumoniae and E. coli showed that nitrofurantoin has the lowest MAR index (0.018), while the highest was found for cefuroxime (0.08). Curing of resistant markers in K. pneumoniae was variable; but the highest resistant marker cured was that of cefuroxime (76.9%). In E. coli, cloxacillin resistant markers were not cured, but resistant markers to other antibiotics were cured variably. The result further revealed that the frequency of resistant markers cured in K. pneumoniae and E. coli were not significantly different (p>0.05). A total of 18 plasmids with molecular weight ranging from 0.56 to >23.13kbp were observed in the selected multi-drug resistant (MDR) isolates of K. pneumoniae and E. coli. Conclusion: Four different plasmid profile groups were detected for selected MDR isolates of K. pneumoniae with 23.13kbp as the most abundant plasmid. Only one (1) plasmid profile group for MDR E. coli was detected.

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Relationship between lipid profile and severity of chronic kidney disease among patients attending the Nephrology Clinic of University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin
IM AbdulAzeez, SA Biliaminu, MB AbdulRahaman, A Chijioke, MS Sanni, AO Shittu, AM Makusidi
June 2015, 6(1):15-22

Back ground: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major public health problem worldwide with increasing incidence and prevalence with antecedent high medical cost and poor outcome. The increasing risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and the high prevalence of dyslipidaemia in patients with CKD coupled with paucity of data correlating lipid profile with stages of CKD necessitate this study. Methodology: One hundred and twenty CKD patients were consecutively selected from among the predialysis CKD patients attending the nephrology unit of the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital (U.I.T.H) Ilorin, Nigeria. Sixty (60) age and sex matched controls were also selected from among the staff and medical students. Creatinine, urea and lipid profile [total cholesterol (T-c), triglyceride (TG) high density lipoprotein (HDL-c) and low density lipoprotein (LDL-c)] were estimated in the serum of both patients and controls. Student t-test was used to compare means of results where appropriate. Pearson correlation formula was used to examine relationship between variables. Results: There were statistically significant differences when the mean lipid profiles of the CKD patients were compared with that of the controls (p<0.05). Significant elevations were observed in the values of LDL-c, TG and T-c in CKD patients when compared with controls, while significant decrease was observed in the case of HDLc. Significant negative correlations were observed when both HDL-c and coronary heart disease risk ratio were compared with stages of CKD (r= 0.565 and 0.542 respectively and p-value<0.05 for both). There was a significant positive correlation between serum triglycerides level and stages of CKD (r = 0.601 and p<0.05). Correlation indices between BMI, T-c, LDL-c and stage of CKD were weakly positive with r values of 0.032, 0.032, 0.051 and 0.213 respectively with p-value>0.05 in all Conclusion: We concluded that dyslipidaemia is common in chronic kidney disease and worsened with the severity of CKD. Therefore early lipid profile is advised in CKD patients as well as holistic interpretation of lipid profile as prompt treatment may prevent cardiovascular events and retard the progression of kidney disease.

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Audit of histopathology reports for melanoma: A case for adopting synoptic reports
AT Atanda, I Yusuf, MI Imam, A Salihu
June 2015, 6(1):47-51

[ABSTRACT] Full text not available [PDF]

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Seroprevalence of HIV-1, Hepatitis B and C viruses in sickle cell disease patients in Zaria, Nigeria
Aliyu A Babadoko, Aisha I Mamman, Zakari Y Aliyu, Suleiman A Maude, Victor Gordeuk, Vandana Sachdev, Peter Akpanpe, Ester Attah, Yusuf Suleiman, Nurudeen Aliyu, Jamilu Yusuf, Laurel Mendelsohn, Gregory J Kato, Mark T Gladwin
June 2015, 6(1):33-37

[ABSTRACT] Full text not available [PDF]

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REVIEW ARTICLES

Sebaceous carcinoma - An overlooked tumour in Black Africans
Modupeola O Samaila, Tahir T Mohammed, Sunday A Adewuyi, Garba D Waziri, Usman Bello
June 2015, 6(1):7-14

[ABSTRACT] Full text not available [PDF]

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Profile of cervical cytology screening in a tertiary hospital in Nigeria: A ten year review
SM Amin, JS Abubakar, IM Liman
June 2015, 6(1):39-45

[ABSTRACT] Full text not available [PDF]

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EDITORIAL

Audit in histopathology; Matters arising
Modupeola Samaila, Olusegun Ojo
June 2015, 6(1):41-41

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ORIGINAL ARTICLES

Ethical and human rights issues of HIV screening
EE Igbigbi
June 2015, 6(1):53-54

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