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June 2011
Volume 2 | Issue 1
Page Nos. 5-48
Online since Wednesday, December 27, 2017
Accessed 8,982 times.
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| EDITORIAL |
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Ethics in Publishing: Keeping an Eye on Propriety |
p. 5 |
| Olusegun Ojo |
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| REVIEW |
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Recent advances in stem cell biology: Implications for tropical haematology practice |
p. 7 |
| Anthony A Oyekunle
Stem cells have long been defined by their remarkable potential to repopulate tissue systems indefinitely. This ability depends on their capacity for self-renewal, extensive proliferation and differentiation into the mature progeny. These ensure that they maintain the many different cell types in the body during embryogenesis and normal growth. Stem cells are conventionally of two types: embryonic stem cells and somatic or adult stem cells.
Haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) has found extensive use in the management of both malignant and non-malignant haematologic diseases ranging from leukemias, lymphomas, and myelomas to sickle cell anaemia and thalassemias. Replacement gene therapy is also becoming increasingly relevant, though ensuring efficient viral transduction of the hematopoietic stem cells remains a challenge. These and similar advances in blood transfusion and supportive care, have significantly improved the outlook for these diseases. However, in the tropics, these gains are either non-existent or largely restricted to patients in the immediate vicinity of specialized healthcare facilities which are far too few.
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| ORIGINAL ARTICLES |
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Antiretroviral therapy and haemostatic parameters in HIV patients with haemoglobin phenotypes AS and AA |
p. 15 |
| AO Adebayo, OA Awodu, AA Famodu
Background: Haematological and coagulation defects have been reported in advanced HIV infection, the occurrence of the S gene is high in African Blacks. HIV infection is on the increase in Nigeria. About a quarter of Nigerians have haemoglobin phenotype HbAS. The haemostatic parameters have not been fully determined in Nigerians with haemoglobin HbAS
Aims: To determine the effects of HIV infection on haematological and haemostatic profiles of Nigerians with the sickle cell trait : haemoglobin As(HbAS) and haemoglobin AA(HbAA)
Methods: Subjects comprised of phenotype HBAS and HB AA patients who were newly diagnosed with HIV infection and those already on antiretroviral therapy(ART). Control group comprised of apparently healthy subjects with haemoglobin phenotypes AS and AA. Blood samples were analysed for haematological parameters :(haematocrit(Hct), total white cell count (WCC), platelet count(Plt)) and Haemostatic parameters: (plasma fibrinogen concentration(Pfc), prothrombin time(PT) and Activated partial thromboplastin time(APTT) . All analyses were carried out using standard techniques. Quantitative assay was conducted to estimate D-dimer levels.
Results: A total of 145 subjects were studied. The mean haemoglobin(Hb), and WCC were higher in HBAS than HbAA subjects with HIV infection but the differences in the mean values were not Statistically significant(p>0.5). The PT, APTT and the Pfc were significantly more prolonged in HBAS with HIV infection than in Hb AS controls (p<0.0001). The haemostatic parameters were also significantly more prolonged in HBAA with HIV than HbAA HIV negative controls (p<0.0001). Elevation of D-dimer was found in 12 and 20% of HbAS and HbAA HIV positive subjects respectively. Positive D-dimer was found to be significantly associated with HIVinfection (p = 0.0007) in both HbAS and HbAA subjects.
Conclusion: This study has shown that Hb phenotype does not influence the effect of HIV infection on haemostatic and haematological parameters. Elevated plasma fibrinogen concentration, prolongation of APTT and presence of D-dimer, in HIV infection may suggest an inflammatory response as well as subclinical coagulapathy
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Morphological patterns of prostatic lesions in Benin City, Nigeria: A twenty year retrospective study |
p. 23 |
| G Forae, DE Obaseki, JU Aligbe, VJ Ekanem
Background and Rationale: Prostate gland lesions constitute a substantial source of morbidity and mortality among adult male populations world-wide. Cancer of the prostate is one of the most common malignancies in men hence, the need to analyse and provide baseline data of the pattern of prostatic lesions in our local environment.
Aim: To evaluate the prevalence and histological patterns of prostatic lesions at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital (UBTH), Benin City, Nigeria.
Methods: A 20-year (1989-2008) retrospective study of case files and slides of all patients presenting with prostatic lesion to the surgical and pathology Departments.
Results: A total of 813 prostatic lesions were studied during this period. Five hundred and forty nine (67.5%) of these lesion were nodular hyperplasia with chronic prostatitis co-existing in about 1% of cases. The overall age range was between 30 to102 years. The peak age range for nodular prostatic hyperplasia was in the 7th decade of life. Prostate cancer accounted for 252 (30.9%) of all prostatic lesions with a peak incidence in the seventh decade of life. Adenocarcinoma constituted about 99% of cases while squamous cell carcinoma accounted for 0.8%. Chronic prostatitis accounted for 1.1% of all prostate lesions
Conclusion: The patterns and frequency of prostatic lesions were comparatively similar to the findings in Nigeria and other parts of the world.
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Relationship between microalbuminuria and dyslipidaemia in type - 2 diabetes mellitus patients |
p. 29 |
| BE Kasia, ES Idogun
Background: It is widely reported that dyslipidaemia is a common feature of type 2 diabetes mellitus and is often associated with a higher risk of diabetic complications.
Objectives: Lipid profile and microalbuminuria were examined in all type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. The prevalence of dyslipidaemia was determined and comparison was made amongst the normotensive and hypertensive diabetic patients presenting with microalbuminuria and normotensive diabetes without microalbuminuria.
Patients and methods: Ninety- five (95) type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and 20 healthy controls were randomly selected and studied. Seventeen (17) of them were normotensive diabetics with microalbuminuria, forty (40) were hypertensive diabetics with microalbuminuria and thirty-eight (38) were normotensive diabetics without microalbuminuria. The weight, height and blood pressure of the patients were measured and their blood and urine samples were obtained for plasma lipid profile and albumin-creatinine ratio respectively.
Results: The mean total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol was highest in normotensive DM presenting with microalbuminuria 5.4(1.87) mmol/l and 3.74(1.71) mmol/l, compared to hypertensive DM with microalbuminuria 5.28(1.38)mmol/l and 3.67(1.33)mmol/l and lowest in the normotensive DM without microalbuminuria 5.1(1.32)mmol/l and 3.36(1.15)mmol/l p<0.05. A high proportion of diabetic patients presenting with microalbuminuria (normotensive (65%) and hypertensive (67%) had high total cholesterol, this was similar to the diabetics without microalbuminuria (63%) whereas a lower proportion (30% ) of the control(non diabetics) has high TC value p=0.0001. Similarly high proportions of the DM patients 47%,57% and 50% respectively had high low density lipoprotein values compared to controls(non-diabetics) (30%) p=0.0012.
Conclusion: These findings draw specific attention to the need to screening for microalbuminuria in patients with dyslipidaemia as this will reduce the risk or slow down the progress of cardiovascular complications.
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Susceptibility profile of clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to recommended antipseudomonal antibiotics in Ibadan, Nigeria |
p. 37 |
| AO Okesola, AA Oni
Background: Clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa have been shown to demonstrate high resistance to various classes of antibiotics because of its unique nature. The increasing rate of resistance development among Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains, which also vary with geographical locations, has led to the recommendation of some classes of antibiotics for the treatment of pseudomonal infections. This study was therefore designed to determine the susceptibility of clinical isolates of P.aeruginosa in this environment to the various recommended classes of antibiotics.
Materials and Methods: P.aeruginosa strains were isolated and identified from various clinical specimens brought to the Medical Microbiology Laboratory of University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria, between April and December 2009. These were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing using the various classes of recommended antipseudomonal antibiotics.
Results: The strains of P.aeruginosa tested demonstrated high susceptibility rates to most of the recommended antipseudomonal antibiotics with the exception of gentamycin and ceftriaxone. Their susceptibility rates to the antibiotics were as follows: 75.9% to ciprofloxacin, 71.4% to pefloxacin and 60.9% to ofloxacin. Susceptibility rates to cefepime, meropenem, piperacillin, amikacin, ceftriaxone and gentamycin were 85.1%, 80.1%, 83.9%, 65.5%, 36.8% and 6.9% respectively.
Conclusions: Development of antibiotic resistance has been attributed to irrational and inappropriate use of antibiotics. Therefore, in order to sustain the high susceptibility demonstrated by P.aeruginosa to the tested antibiotics in this study, public health policy on appropriate prescribing and use of antibiotics must be instituted and effected in this environment.
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| LETTER TO THE EDITOR |
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Sudden death from ruptured berry aneurysms in a 55 year-old man |
p. 45 |
| M Nnoli, I Chukwuonye, O Kanu, C Nnoli |
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| OBITUARY AND TRIBUTE |
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Tribute to Dr. Mobolaji Olufemi Dada, 1962-2010 Consultant Haematologist |
p. 47 |
| Taofeek K Owonikoko |
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